NLRB Announces New Joint-employer Standard
Oct 28, 2023
NLRB Announces New Joint-employer Standard

On Oct. 26, 2023, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) announced a final rule that establishes new criteria to determine joint-employer status. Joint employment situations can happen when two or more employers share personnel hiring, supervision and management practices. When a joint employment status exists, joint employers are equally responsible for compliance with applicable laws and regulations.


Update as of Nov. 20, 2023: On Nov. 16, 2023, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) announced it would push the effective date of the new joint-employer rule to Feb. 26, 2024. The final rule was initially set to become effective on Dec. 26, 2023. However, the agency has delayed the effective date by two months to facilitate the resolution of legal challenges regarding the new rule. Notice of the extension will be published in the Federal Register.


Joint Employment

Whether joint employment is by design or unintentional, joint employers are equally:


  • Liable for unfair labor practices committed by other joint employers;
  • Required to bargain with the union that represents jointly employed workers; and
  • Subject to union picketing or other economic pressure if there is a labor dispute.


To determine whether a joint-employer relationship exists, employers must evaluate the degree of control they exert over “essential terms and conditions of employment.” Essential terms and conditions of employment include wages, benefits, hours of work and employee hirings, discharges, discipline, supervision and direction.


2020 Joint-Employer Standard

The NRLB adopted the current joint-employer standard on April 27, 2020. This standard applies to labor issues related to the National Labor Relations Act.


The current standard considers the “substantial direct and immediate control” employers have over essential terms and conditions of employment for individuals who are employed by another organization. Specifically, the 2020 joint-employer standard indicates that a business is a joint employer of another employer’s employees only if the degree of joint control is of sufficient magnitude to lead to the conclusion that the joint employer meaningfully affects matters relating to the employment relationship.


In addition, under the 2020 rule, other evidence may suggest (but not prove) the existence of joint-employer status, particularly when the evidence points to indirect control or the right to exert control through contract or agreement (especially when control is never exercised).


Overview of the 2023 Rule

The new rule rescinds the 2020 joint-employer standard and:


  • Clarifies the definition of “essential terms and conditions of employment,”
  • Identifies the types of control that are necessary to establish joint-employer status and the types that are irrelevant to the joint-employer inquiry; and
  • Describes the bargaining obligations of joint employers.


Employers should pay particular attention to the fact that the 2023 rule was drafted to be more inclusive than the 2020 rule. This means it will become easier for employers to be classified as joint employers. The 2023 rule created this more inclusive standard for determining joint-employer status by removing the requirement that joint employers must “possess and exercise … substantial direct and immediate control” over essential terms and conditions of employment.


In addition, the new standard more faithfully grounds the joint-employer rule in established common-law agency principles. Specifically, the rule considers the alleged joint employers’ authority to control essential terms and conditions of employment, regardless of whether such control is exercised.


Finally, the NLRB has also stated that “the new rule also provides extensive guidance to parties regarding their rights and responsibilities in situations where joint-employer status has been established.”


Terms and Conditions of Employment

The final rule limits terms and conditions of employment to:


  1. Wages, benefits and other compensation;
  2. Hours of work and scheduling;
  3. The assignment of duties to be performed;
  4. The supervision of the performance of duties;
  5. Work rules and directions governing the manner, means and methods of the performance of duties and the grounds for discipline;
  6. The tenure of employment, including hiring and discharge; and
  7. Working conditions related to the safety and health of employees.


Impact on Employers

Employers, particularly contractors and subcontractors, should become familiar with the new rule and determine whether a more inclusive joint-employer standard would reclassify them as joint employers in their operations by the rule’s effective date. Employers affected by the new standard should also take precautionary steps to ensure other joint employers comply with regulations regarding labor and employment laws for joint employees.

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DOL Announces Final Overtime Rule Increasing Salary Levels for White-collar Employees

30 Apr, 2024
On April 23, 2024, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) announced a final rule to amend current requirements employees in white-collar occupations must satisfy to qualify for an overtime exemption under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The final rule will take effect on July 1, 2024. Increased Salary Level The FLSA white-collar exemptions apply to individuals in executive, administrative, professional, and some outside sales and computer-related occupations. Some highly compensated employees may also qualify for the FLSA white-collar overtime exemption. To qualify for this exemption, white-collar employees must satisfy the standard salary level test, among other criteria. This salary level is a wage threshold that white-collar employees must receive to qualify for the exemption. Starting July 1, 2024, the DOL’s final rule increases the standard salary level from: $684 to $844 per week ($35,568 to $43,888 per year); and $107,432 to $132,964 per year for highly compensated employees. On Jan. 1, 2025, the standard salary level will then increase from: $844 to $1,128 per week ($43,888 to $58,656 per year); and $132,964 to $151,164 per year for highly compensated employees. Automatic Updates The DOL’s final rule also includes mechanisms allowing the agency to automatically update the white-collar salary level thresholds without having to rely on the rulemaking process. Effective July 1, 2027, and every three years thereafter, the DOL will increase the standard salary level. The agency will apply up-to-date wage data to determine new salary levels. Impact on Employers The first salary level increase in July is expected to impact nearly 1 million workers, while the second increase in January is expected to affect approximately 3 million workers. Employers should become familiar with the final rule and evaluate what changes they may need to adopt to comply with the rule’s requirements. Legal challenges to the rule are anticipated, which may delay the final rule’s implementation.

New York Passes Prenatal Leave, Sets End Date for COVID-19 Leave

29 Apr, 2024
The recently enacted New York budget for fiscal year 2024-25 includes provisions mandating paid prenatal leave for the state’s workers, beginning Jan. 1, 2025, and repealing the New York COVID-19 sick leave law, effective July 31, 2025. Paid Prenatal Personal Leave The budget amends the state sick leave law by adding what is being touted as a first-in-the-nation requirement that all employers provide their employees with 20 hours of paid prenatal personal leave per 52-week period, starting Jan. 1, 2025. The amendment does not require employees to accrue the new leave, nor does it impose a waiting period before employees may use the leave; the full 20 hours must be made available on Jan. 1, 2025. Employees on leave must be paid their regular rate of pay or minimum wage if the applicable minimum wage is higher; however, employers are not required to pay out unused prenatal personal leave when an employee separates from employment. Permitted Uses of Prenatal Personal Leave Prenatal personal leave may be taken for health care services received by an employee during their pregnancy or related to the pregnancy, including physical examinations, medical procedures, monitoring and testing, and discussions with a health care provider related to the pregnancy. The new provisions do not require advance notification or documentation after the fact for using leave. Interaction With Paid Sick Leave and FMLA Leave The new requirement is in addition to the annual sick leave the law already mandates, which ranges from 40-56 hours and may be paid or unpaid, depending on the employer’s size and income. The amendment does not indicate that the leave runs concurrently with any federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave taken for prenatal care, meaning the state prenatal personal leave would be in addition to any FMLA leave taken for this purpose. Sunset Date for COVID-19 Leave The budget also establishes July 31, 2025, as the expiration date for New York’s COVID-19 employee sick leave law . The law took effect at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on March 18, 2020, and requires leave of up to 14 days, depending on the size and income of the employer. As with the regular sick leave law, whether leave must be paid also depends on the size and income of the employer. The sunsetting of the law comes in the wake of expired states of emergency and changed recommendations for isolation and quarantine. Steps for Employers New York employers should prepare for the start of paid prenatal personal leave in January 2025 and watch for any agency regulations and guidance implementing the new leave entitlement. Employers should also train managers and supervisors about the new requirements and make sure employee policies and handbooks are up to date. Employers should continue to allow COVID-19 sick leave when it applies and keep in mind that other leave requirements, such as paid sick leave, may allow employees to take time off from work for illness, including COVID-19.

FTC Announces Rule Banning Noncompetes

25 Apr, 2024
On April 23, 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) voted to issue a final rule that would ban noncompete agreements in virtually all employment relationships. The final rule has not yet been filed in the Federal Register, but is scheduled to take effect 120 days after such filing. Final Rule The final rule defines a noncompete clause as a term or condition of employment that prohibits a worker from, penalizes a worker for or functions to prevent a worker from: (i) Seeking or accepting work in the United States with a different person where such work would begin after the conclusion of the employment that includes the term or condition; or (ii) Operating a business in the United States after the conclusion of the employment that includes the term or condition. Such terms or conditions include employee contracts or workplace policies, whether written or oral. Subject to very limited exceptions, the final rule provides that: The use of noncompete clauses will be banned as of the effective date; Any existing noncompete clauses (other than those entered into with senior executives) will be invalidated; Employers must notify all employees (other than senior executives whose existing noncompete agreements will remain enforceable) that their existing noncompete agreements will not be enforced. Currently, the enforceability of noncompete clauses is determined by state and local legislatures and courts. The FTC rule would instead govern the enforceability of noncompete clauses at the federal level and supersede any less restrictive state laws or judicial interpretations. Legal Challenges On April 24, 2024, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce sued the FTC, seeking to block the final rule. The complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas and argues that the FTC lacks the authority to issue rules that define unfair methods of competition. Additional legal challenges are likely, so employers should monitor for updates and anticipate potential uncertainty in the coming months. Next Steps for Employers Employers may consider reviewing existing employee agreements or form agreements (such as new hire paperwork) to determine whether any contain noncompete clauses that would be invalidated under the rule. Employers may also begin preparing revisions to such agreements and consider whether to use alternatives to noncompete clauses (e.g., nondisclosure clauses) to protect competitive business information.

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